Final Project Design

   Graph below displays the final CAD drawing of ChromaScan Health prototype.

Physical Final Prototype

Design Solution – Requirement 1:

  • Device design includes a placement for test strips 
  • Test strips are placed on a drawer to be inserted into the device. 
  • Test strip brand and medical condition tested will be selected on the screen
  • Device design includes a placement for the screen

Design Solution – Requirement 2:

  • Device design includes a placement for the screen to output the results to users

Design Solution – Requirement 3

  • Device design includes a cone/ pyramid to focus the color sensor onto a specific color on the test strip
  • It attaches to the color sensor, which is attached to the motor to move along the test strip to detect each color individually

Design Solution – Requirement 4

  • Drawer was designed in a simple way so it can be easily sanitized.
  • comes into contact with urine
  • Short slots so it can be easily wiped

Design Solution – Requirement 5-6

  • Device design allows powering through a USB cord 
  • Device design also includes a placement for the microcontroller, color sensor, and motor 
  • Device design includes a slot for SD card placement to store data

CD card + Power Source

April 13th, 2024 to April 30th, 2024

  • The team presented at the Senior Project Presentation on May 1st, 2024 at the College of New Jersey.
  • The team participated in the Celebration of Student Achievement (COSA) on April 30th, 2024 at the College of New Jersey.
  • ChromaScan Health prototype was successfully finalized.
  • The team performed validation and verification testing of every design requirement.
  • The device is able to store data into a .txt file. The space for the SD card has been created in the prototype box.

SD Card placement in prototype

  • The power source of the final prototype was determine to be wall-powered rather than a battery to allow users unlimited usage of the prototype without having to change batteries every 30 minutes.

Verification & Validation Activities

Requirement 1Must take in information from user

Verification 
Input test strip information into device screen and confirm it saves. 
Pass/FailPass
Validation 
Survey users on how easy it was for them to input the test strips information.Results 
Acceptance criteria9/10 positive surveys10/10
Pass/ Fail Pass

Requirement 2: Must return output/test strip reading

Verification 
TestAcceptance CriteriaResultPass/Fail
Screen size> 4in x 7in4in x 7inPass
Font size> 6.75mm 8mmPass
Font Type Courier Courier Pass
Validation 
Acceptance criteria 9/10
User InterfacePass
Display ResultsFail

Requirement 3: The device must detect color

Verification:

  • Must pass 8 different colors out of the 10 that will be tested
  • In order to pass each color the right value for each needs to be outputted at least 8 times out of the 10
Parameters Correct results out of 10Passing (Yes: 1, No: 0)
pH 581
pH 8.591
Leukocytes Negative101
Leukocytes 125 cells/uL91
Nitrite positive 70
Urobilinogen 128 umol/L101
Protein Negative 101
Protein 20.0 g/L81
Ketone 16.0 mmol/L101
Ascorbate 0 mmol/L101
 Total 9/10

Requirement 4: Must must have a power source – Passed

Requirement 5: Must be able to be sanitized

Verification 
TestAcceptance CriteriaResultsPass/Fail
Test stripVisually clean 10/1010/10Pass
Orange JuiceVisually clean 10/1010/10Pass
Validation 
Acceptance criteria 9/10 Positive Scores
Easily cleanedPass
Visually cleanPass

Requirement 6: Must meet electrical safety standards IEC 60601

Verification

 T1T2T3T4T5T6T7T8T9T10Avg.
Leakage current (uA)8020705040304020302040
Threshold: 100 uAPassPassPassPassPassPassPassPassPassPassPass

Requirement 7: Must have a data storage

Verification 
Acceptance CriteriaMemory SpaceSpecification Pass/Fail
> 4.5KB bytes16GB4.5KBPass

Validation 
Acceptance criteria 9./10 positive scoresResultsPass/ Fail
User Interface10/10Pass
Retrieve Results9/10Pass

March 30th, 2024 to April 12th, 2024

  • ChromaScan team had to opportunity to present at 50th Northeast Bioengineering Conference on April 5th at Stevens Institute of Technology.
  • The circuitry of all powered components of the device have been completed.

ChromaScan Health Circuitry

Circuitry of ChromaScan powered components.

  • ChromaScan team has finished the prototype and will start assembling all powered components soon. Likewise, This design counts with all the necessary spaces such as the battery holder, SD Card, drawer mechanism, etc…

Battery placement

Drawer mechanism

Figure displays drawing mechanism and battery placement of the ChromaScan Prototype

March 18th, 2024 to March 29th, 2024

  • The team has developed a new design for the user interface so that it can be more user-friendly.
  • The algorithms for the color sensor and output display have been optimized.
  • Currently, the team is working on making the prototype power source independent.
  • New algorithms are being developed which will allow the user to save the data on an SD card of their test strip results.

Feb 24th, 2024 to Mar 8th, 2024

  • The team was completed the circuitry of the project. The next step is to order a PCB printed board.
  • The user interface of the screen has been accomplished, and currently the team is working on the display of the results.
  • Color sensor calibration curves were created. However, these are under revision and soon will be updated.
  • The team is working on the power source of the device, since it is expected to be fully charge with batteries.
  • The team presented on March 6th, 2024 the progress made with the device prototype.

Feb. 10th, 2024 to Feb. 23rd, 2024

ChromaScan Health team is currently working on the powered components of the device such as linear actuator, color sensor, and touch screen.

  • Video below displays the movement of the linear actuator.
https://youtu.be/Hnw2PB0UxPM
  • The circuitry of the color sensor and linear actuator has been finalized. Likewise, the powered components are being operated with a battery. The touch screen circuitry will be added once internal algorithm is completed.

Figure displays batteries attach to a bread board as well jumping cables that connect Arduino nano to color sensor and linear actuator.

  • The team is has also completed the first user interface requirement for the touch screen, and is currently working on the internal interface to output the results based on the color sensor values.

Dec. 8th, 2023 to Feb. 9th, 2024

  • All the parts needed for the prototype have arrived to TCNJ facilities and are currently being utilized by the team.
  • Scientific abstract have been written and will be submitted on February 14th of 2024 to the annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference (NEEBEC).
  • The calibration and algorithm of the color sensor and linear actuator are currently being developed.
  • The team is currently working on the verification and validation protocols.

Hazard Analysis

The hazard analysis was performed based on 7 severity effects that the patient might be exposed to when handling  the device. The baseline effect is “No Ham,” it is assumed that the user will not be exposed to any harm when interacting with the device, a rating of 1 was assigned to this effect. The second severity effect taken into consideration is pressure marks since this can happen when the user is holding the device for a long period of time leading to discomfort. The rating assigned to this effect is 2 and has been labeled as “Negligible”. Minor Cuts and scratches from edges of the device have been rated as 3, and labeled as a “Minor” severity effect due to the fact that the user would not need to seek ambulatory treatment. Severe cuts, first-degree burns, and pain have been reported as a severity effect with a rating of 4 and labeled as “Critical”. Critical effects can be caused as a consequence of a short circuit within the device. Patients exposed to first degree-burns and severe cuts should see a healthcare provider or self treat. Device failure and malfunction have been taken into consideration with a rating of 5, and labeled as “Serious”. Malfunctioning of the device such as yielding wrong interpretation of test strips can cause unnecessary worry of the patients. Users can also be exposed to bacterial infection if the device is not properly sanitized before and after each use. This severity effect has been rated as “More than serious” and rated as 6 because the patient must seek ambulatory care and intake medications (Table 1). 

The probability of occurrence illustrates how often the device can have a severe effect on the user. The occurrence of the device can be nearly impossible, very likely, occasionally, remote or frequent. Occasional is conceptualized as a severe effect occurring once every 50 tests taking in less than one month. Remote, when a severe effect happens once every five tests taken in less than one day. The occurrence probability is frequent if the device has a severe effect on the user during every test taken (Table 2). 

Utilizing  the parameters from the severity levels and probability of occurrence a risk priority number (RPN) table was created in order to evaluate the levels of risk under three different criteria. This criteria evaluates acceptable risk (R1), as low as reasonably practicable risk (R2) and unacceptable risk (R3) (Table 3). 

The Hazard risk assessment displayed an acceptable risk (R1) for all the possible hazards that can be caused during the user device interface, such as bruises, minor cuts, first-degree burns, bacterial infection and device malfunctioning (Table 4).

Table 1: Severity Table

Table 2: Probability of Occurrence

Table 3: RPN Table

Table 4:  Hazard and Risk Assessment