CKD patients have a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60mL\/min\/1.73m2<\/sup>. Another indicator is the levels of albumin; albuminuria of at least 30 mg per 24 hours urine or more than 30mg\/g of albumin in an isolated urine sampled adjusted by urinary creatine. CKD is one of the biggest attributer to cases diabetes and\/or hypertension.2<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n Image 1: Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease according to glomerular filtration and albumin levels. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Type I diabetes is characterized but the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing \u03b2 cells in the pancreatic islets over time.5<\/a><\/sup> Currently, 0.55% of U.S adults had diagnosed type 1 diabetes, representing 1.3 million adults.6<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n The development of T1D has three stages. Stage 1 is asymptomatic with a presence of more than 2 pancreatic antibodies. Stage 2 consists of impaired fasting glucose between 1oo to 125mg\/dL or 5.7% to 6.4% of blood sugar attached to the hemoglobin. Finally, stage 3 is also known as hyperglycemia where the random glucose is greater than 200 mg\/dL, fasting glucose is greater than 126 mg\/dL, and the blood sugar in hemoglobin is greater than 6.5%.7<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n [1] Kovesdy C. P. (2022). Epidemiology of chronic kidney disease: an update 2022. Kidney international supplements<\/em>, 12<\/em>(1), 7\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.kisu.2021.11.003<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [2] Ammirati A. L. (2020). Chronic Kidney Disease. Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992)<\/em>, 66Suppl 1<\/em>(Suppl 1), s03\u2013s09. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1806-9282.66.S1.3<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [3] Ginsberg, J. M., Chang, B. S., Matarese, R. A., & Garella, S. (1983). Use of single voided urine samples to estimate quantitative proteinuria. The New England journal of medicine<\/em>, 309<\/em>(25), 1543\u20131546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJM198312223092503<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [4] Levin, A., & Stevens, P. E. (2014). Summary of KDIGO 2012 CKD Guideline: behind the scenes, need for guidance, and a framework for moving forward. Kidney international<\/em>, 85<\/em>(1), 49\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2013.444<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [5] Gillespie K. M. (2006). Type 1 diabetes: pathogenesis and prevention. CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l’Association medicale canadienne<\/em>, 175<\/em>(2), 165\u2013170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.060244<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [6] Bullard KM, Cowie CC, Lessem SE, et al. Prevalence of Diagnosed Diabetes in Adults by Diabetes Type \u2014 United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2018;67:359\u2013361. DOI: http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6712a2<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [7] Lucier J, Weinstock RS. Type 1 Diabetes. [Updated 2023 Mar 3]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK507713\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n [8]Gomez, A. M., & Umpierrez, G. E. (2014). Continuous glucose monitoring in insulin-treated patients in non-ICU settings. Journal of diabetes science and technology<\/em>, 8<\/em>(5), 930\u2013936. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1932296814546025<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Stage 5 of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are one of the leading causes of mortality affecting about 10% of the worldwide population. 38% of patients with CKD are people aged 65 years or older.1 CKD patients have a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60mL\/min\/1.73m2. Another indicator is the levels … Continue reading Background<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":494,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-70","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/engprojects.tcnj.edu\/chroma-scan-health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/70","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/engprojects.tcnj.edu\/chroma-scan-health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/engprojects.tcnj.edu\/chroma-scan-health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engprojects.tcnj.edu\/chroma-scan-health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/494"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/engprojects.tcnj.edu\/chroma-scan-health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=70"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/engprojects.tcnj.edu\/chroma-scan-health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/70\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/engprojects.tcnj.edu\/chroma-scan-health\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=70"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"https:\/\/engprojects.tcnj.edu\/chroma-scan-health\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/249\/2023\/09\/introduction-ckd.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nCKD Assessment:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
CKD patient are test strip tested at least once a year while anemic CKD patients are tested at least twice a year. <\/mark><\/em>4<\/a><\/sup><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Type I Diabetes (T1D)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
T1D Assessment:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n
Type 1 diabetic patients are test strip tested at least 4 times a day and glucose monitored every 5 to 15 minutes a day.8<\/a><\/sup> <\/em><\/mark><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Citations <\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n